Causes and Solutions for Sudden Severe Vibration in Cone Crushers

Cone crushers are typically used for secondary and tertiary crushing, widely applied in medium and fine crushing operations of various hard minerals and rocks. The causes and solutions for sudden severe vibration in cone crushers are as follows:

1. Cause: Improper clearance between the bronze sleeve and main shaft. During assembly, excessive or insufficient clearance between the bronze sleeve and main shaft can adversely affect the cone crusher. Excessive clearance causes the cone sleeve and main shaft to collide, resulting in violent lateral movement of the moving cone and intense machine vibration. Insufficient clearance may reduce or completely drain lubricating oil at the contact points between the bronze sleeve and main shaft, preventing the formation of an oil film or causing an inadequate oil film thickness, leading to runaway conditions.

Solution: Ensure full contact between the main shaft and cone sleeve. Maintain proper assembly clearance between the inner and outer bores of the cone sleeve. Ensure full-length contact between the main shaft and cone sleeve (adding shims to the spherical bearing housing can adjust the clearance between the cone sleeve and moving cone). The cone sleeve and shaft collar must be secured with molten zinc alloy to prevent any relative movement between them.

The clearance between the cone crusher's main shaft and tapered liner must meet technical specifications. If clearance is insufficient, add shims between the spherical bearing bracket and machine frame's annular contact surface. This raises the crushing cone, altering the main shaft-liner clearance to achieve compliance.

2. Cause: Excessive load on the cone sleeve. During operation, non-crushable objects (iron overload) enter the crushing chamber, causing excessive load. This leads to the zinc filling on the fixed cone sleeve detaching, causing the cone sleeve to shift upward. The gap between the main shaft and cone sleeve decreases, resulting in “shaft seizure.” The main shaft may then spin rapidly with the eccentric sleeve, causing a “runaway shaft.”

Solution: The clearance between the cone crusher's main shaft and conical liner must meet technical specifications. If clearance is insufficient, insert shims between the spherical bearing frame and the machine body frame's annular contact surface. This raises the crushing cone, altering the clearance between the main shaft and conical liner to meet technical requirements.

3. Cause: Inadequate Lubrication Dust from the crushing chamber enters the lubrication system due to failed dust seals or poor sealing. This results in insufficient lubrication at critical points (between the crushing cone base and spherical bearing, between the moving cone and eccentric sleeve, between the large and small bevel gears, and between the horizontal shaft and shaft sleeve), causing friction. The lubrication system oil temperature continuously rises. When the temperature approaches or exceeds 55°C, the oil viscosity decreases, preventing the effective formation of an oil film within the spherical bearing bushings, thereby causing runaway (flywheel) phenomena.

Solution: Carefully select lubricating oil: When choosing lubricating oil, strictly adhere to the equipment specifications to ensure all indicators and standards are met, paying particular attention to viscosity and fluidity. Ensure the oil meets grease standards; degraded or excessively dirty oil accelerates gear wear and damages bushings.

OCP Machinery Heavy Industry boasts over 40 years of experience in R&D, manufacturing, and production of crushing equipment. We offer a wide range of crusher spare parts, direct factory sales at competitive prices, and professional engineering technicians to provide specialized production guidance. Submit your production requirements to our online customer service for customized configuration plans and quotation estimates! We also welcome on-site visits and inquiries regarding crusher equipment!