Features and application scope of three tensioning devices of belt conveyor
Tensioning device is one of the main components of belt conveyor, which mainly provides a certain tensioning force for the normal operation of belt conveyor belt, ensures the tension of the minimum tension point of the belt and compensates the permanent elongation of the belt. Therefore, choosing the right tensioning device is the key to designing the belt conveyor. There are three types of tensioning devices: spiral, carriage and vertical, and the advantages and disadvantages of these three types of tensioning devices and their applications are introduced below.
1. Spiral tensioning device
The spiral tensioning device is installed at the tail wheel of the tape conveyor, and tensions the conveyor belt by adjusting the screw to displace the tail wheel. It is generally used in the tape conveyor with less than 60m length and less power. The tensioning stroke is divided into 500 and 800 mm in the series. The stroke can be selected according to 1% of the length of the tape conveyor. The sum of the two tensions acting on the tail wheel of the belt at the point of entry and the point of departure is the tension of the tensioning device.
The advantage of the spiral tensioning device is simple and compact structure, occupying a small space position. The disadvantage is that the tension of the conveyor belt cannot be adjusted automatically, the tension size is not easy to control, and it is not suitable for setting automatic scales on the conveyor belt. Spiral tensioning device should not be used in important tape conveyor as far as possible.
2. Car tensioning device
Car type tensioning device is the tail wheel of the tape conveyor installed in the mobile car, through the reversing pulley with steel rope connected to the mobile car and the weight, respectively, by the gravity of the weight of the action and automatic tensioning of the conveyor belt. The effective stroke of its tensioning is
S=(0.01~0.017)L, where S is the effective stroke of the tensioning device (m); L is the actual length of the conveyor (m).
Practice has proved that: the effective stroke of tensioning is appropriate to take the larger value. Car type tensioning device is widely used, not limited by the length of the tape conveyor, the belt tension can be automatically adjusted, the structure is simple and reliable, so the design should be used in preference.
3. Vertical tensioning device
The vertical tensioning device is installed between the drive pulley and the tail wheel, and should be as close as possible to the minimum belt tension (drive pulley). When the tape conveyor starts, the hammer tensioning action is sensitive and effective. The structure is that the bottom side of the conveyor belt after 90° redirecting roller, and then through the 180° redirecting roller mounted on the frame, through the heavy hammer hanging on the frame and make the belt tension. The selection of effective stroke is the same as that of the cart-type tensioning device.
The vertical tensioning device is suitable for applications where the carriage type tensioning device is difficult. It has the advantage that it utilizes the space position of the length of the tape conveyor and the equipment is easy to arrange. The disadvantage is that the number of redirected rollers used is large, and the material is easy to fall between the belt and the roller, accelerating the wear of the belt and roller surface. Especially when conveying wet or sticky materials, the wear and tear is more serious due to unclean cleaning.
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